My Call

In Wednesday’s blog post, I liked Image #3 best — the B&W version of the Ring-necked Duck swimming with the orange eye painted back in. Why? I thought that it was a pretty clever optimization.

What’s Up?

I will be taking the Auto Train north on Sunday afternoon and will be spending a few days at Nickerson Beach before my trigger finger surgery on this coming Thursday. Today is Wednesday 17 May 2023. Wherever you are and whatever you are doing, I hope that you too have a great day.

All are cordially invited to join me next year on a Homer IPT.

The Fact$ of Life

Right now, the market for editorial sales of natural history images has virtually disappeared. The incomes of the world’s top stock photographers are down by at least 90%. Like me, most depend on income from photo trips, the sale of educational materials, and income from this or that affiliate program.

In 2001, BAA sold the publication rights to images for nearly one-quarter million US dollars. That amount dropped to about $20,000 by 2011, and in 2017, to slightly more than $2,000.00. We’ve stopped counting. IPTs used to fill within days. Now I am happy to go with one or two folks, but I’d much rather have you along. And so it goes. In 2009, I turned to creating educational blog posts, now to the tune of 4034. Yes, 4034 educational blog posts. So, please remember to use either my B&H or Bedfords affiliate links for your major purposes. It does not cost you one cent to do either.

B&H

Many folks have written recently stating that they purchased a Sony a1 from B&H and would like their free membership in the Sony 1 Info and Updates Group, a $150.00 value. When I check my affiliate account, their orders have not been there. When I let them know that they get credit for B&H purchases only if they use one of the many B&H affiliate links on the blog or begin their searches with this link, they are always disappointed. If in doubt, please contact me via e-mail and request a BH link. I am always glad to help and to guide you to the right gear.

B&H Simplified

To ensure that I get credit for your B&H purchases, you can always click here. The tracking is invisible but greatly appreciated. And, you can use your PayBoo card. You must use the website to order. Thanking me for the past 4000 educational blog posts could not be any easier and will not cost you one penny. Please shoot me your B&H receipt for major purchases.

Bedfords Simplified

Click here to start your search. Choose standard shipping, and when you get to the payment page, enter BIRDSASART in the discount code box and hit apply. You will be upgraded to free second day air Fed-Ex and receive 3% cash back on your credit card once your stuff ships. Either is greatly appreciated by yours truly.

Iceland

My decades-long dream of spending time on Grimsey Island, Iceland, with the puffins — 13 days in this case!, will be realized this coming July. I am doing back-to-back trips as a participant. If anyone would like information on the world’s greatest Iceland/Atlantic Puffin trip this coming July, please contact me via e-mail.

This image was created on 21 February 2023 on an Instructional Photo-Tour at Kachemak Bay, Homer, AK. I used the hand held Sony FE 70-200mm f/2.8 GM OSS II lens (at 115mm) and The One, the Sony Alpha 1 Mirrorless Digital Camera.. The exposure was determined via Zebras with Exposure Compensation on the thumb dial. ISO 1250: 1/1250 sec. at f/4 (stopped down one stop) in Manual mode. AWB at 2:34:37pm on a cloudy day. Tracking: Spot S AF/C with Bird-Eye/Face Detection enabled performed perfectly (despite the fact that I focused on Vasili. Click on the image to enjoy a high-res version. Image #1: Vasil Chernishof and cooperative Bald Eagle

Vasili Chernishof

Vasili is an anesthesiologist from Pasadena, CA. He is relatively young as far as bird photographers go. He first signed up for the 2023 Galapagos Photo Cruise of a Lifetime and then decided to join me on the 2nd Homer IPT. It was a pleasure meeting and working with him.

A Very Cooperative Eagle

We had been photographing eagles in flight trying for frozen waterfall backgrounds. I noticed a single eagle posed in the same spot for more than twenty minutes. So, I had everyone get off the boat cautiously and move slowly to the right. The handsome bird posed and posed and posed. I encouraged folks to vary their perspectives for two reasons:

1- Get different angles on the bird.
2- Vary the backgrounds.

The bird sat and posed for an additional thirty minutes. When we headed back for lunch, we left it sitting in the same spot.

Note that the bird has turned its head slightly to its left to provide a perfect head angle for Vasili.

This image was created by Vasili Chernishof on 23 February 2023 on an Instructional Photo-Tour at Kachemak Bay, Homer, AK. He used the hand held Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS III USM lens (at 102mm) with the Canon EOS-1D X Mark III DSLR Camera. ISO 4000: 1/2000 sec. at f/2.8 (wide open)in Manual mode. AWB at 10:58:22am on a cloudy morning. Click on the image to enjoy a high-res version. Image optimization by Arthur Morris/BIRDS AS ART. Image #2: Bald Eagle upside-down bank Image courtesy of and copyright 2023: Vasili Chernishof

Blasé

Ten years ago, images like this were often honored in international photography competitions. With today’s top-of-the-line camera bodies, they have become relatively commonplace. That said, getting one almost completely upside down is an accomplishment.

Image Optimizations on IPTs

On all IPTs, I wind up optimizing one or two images for participants who have shared their work with the group (and/or with me). I make a screen capture video of the raw conversions and image optimizations and send them to the group at the end of the trip.

This image was created by Vasili Chernishof on 23 February 2023 on an Instructional Photo-Tour at Kachemak Bay, Homer, AK. He used the hand held Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS III USM lens with the Canon Extender EF 1.4X III (at 280mm) with the Canon EOS-1D X Mark III DSLR Camera. ISO 800: 1/4000 sec. at f/4 (wide open)in Manual mode. AWB at 3:51:40m on a sunny afternoon. Click on the image to enjoy a high-res version. Image optimization by Arthur Morris/BIRDS AS ART. Image #3: Young Bald Eagle attacking adult on perch Image courtesy of and copyright 2023: Vasili Chernishof

The Daily Plan

On most IPTs, I have a rough plan for each day. Those plans are often changed in response to the weather (including and especially the wind direction and sky conditions) and so that we can adapt to local conditions in an effort to maximize the photographic opportunities. At Homer, things are 100% variable. We do not finalize a sailing plan until we awake at Land’s End Resort and look out the windows. When we head out for our first session, we never know if we will be out for two hours or for seven. If the skies are looking clear for the early evening and an east wind is predicted, we will usually head back to the harbor so that we can sail again late in the day in hopes of making some great silhouettes.

Folks often ask at lunch, “What’s the plan for this afternoon?” My response is always the same: “I’ll let you know when I get up from my nap.”

Sunny Afternoons with Winds from the West

When conditions are prefect for afternoon perched and flight photography, we will strive to visit our favorite spit, a beach that is loaded with attractive natural perches. Vasili and his 1DX III did a great job with this killer action shot on our second sailing on 23 February past.

Remember that perfect afternoon conditions for flight photography (wind and sun together) are far less than ideal for sunset silhouettes. For those, you want the wind blowing towards the sun so that the birds are flying at you with the sky color behind them.

All images from Homer or Kachemak Bay, AK

2024 Homer/Kachemak Bay Bald Eagle IPTs

IPT #1: WED 21 FEB 2024 through the full day on SUN 25 FEB 2024. Five full days/20 hours on the boat: $5500.00. Limit 5 photographers/Openings 2.

IPT #2: MON 26 FEB 2024 through the full day on FRI 1 MAR 2024. Five full days/20 hours on the boat: $5500.00. Limit 5 photographers/Openings 2.

Register for both trips to maximize your travel dollars and enjoy a $1000 discount while you are at it.

This trip features non-stop flight photography as well as many opportunities to create both environmental and point-blank portraits of one of North America’s most sought-after avian subjects: Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Other reliable subjects will include Sea Otter, Glaucous-winged and Short-billed (formerly Mew) Gulls.

In addition, we should see Common Murre, Black Guillemot, Pelagic Cormorant, two or three species of loons, and a smattering of ducks including two species of merganser, all three scoters, Common and Barrow’s Goldeneyes, Bufflehead, Harlequin, and Long-tailed Ducks. Close-range photographic chances for these species will require some good luck. Some of these species, especially when in flocks, can, however, often be used effectively when pleasing creating bird-scapes.

If we need to be out early, we will be the first boat out. If the conditions are great, we will stay out. And when there is a chance for sunset silhouettes, we will be in the right spot.

We will be traveling through gorgeous wilderness country; landscape and scenic opportunities abound.

Also featured is a professional leader, often referred to as the world’s most knowledgeable bird photography trip leader and instructor. He is conversant in Canon, Nikon, and Sony. You will learn practical and creative solutions to everyday photographic problems. You will learn to see the shot, to create dynamic images by fine-tuning your compositions, to best utilize your camera’s AF system, and how to analyze the wind, the sky conditions, and the direction and quality of the light. This is one of the very few trips Homer trips available where you will not be simply put on the birds and told to have fun. You will learn to be a better photographer. But only if that is what you want.

You will learn to get the right exposure when it is sunny, when it cloudy-bright, when it is cloudy, when it is cloudy-dark, or when it is foggy. Not to mention getting the right exposure when creating silhouettes.

You will learn to make pleasing blurs working in manual mode and to create silhouettes working in Shutter Priority mode.

Most importantly you will learn to pick your best flight photographs from tens of thousands of images.
,
You will enjoy working with the best and most creative boat captain on his sturdy, photography-spacious, seaworthy, open-deck watercraft.

Only five photographers (not the usual six), plus the leader.

Small group Photoshop, Image Review, and Image Critiquing sessions.

All images from Homer or Kachemak Bay, AK

What’s Included

One four hour or two two-hour boat trips every day (weather permitting), all boat fees and boat-related expenses (excluding tips), ground transportation to and from the dock and back to the hotel each day, in-the-field instruction and guidance, pre-trip gear advice, small group post-processing and image review sessions, and a thank you dinner for all well-behaved participants.

What’s Not Included

Your airfare to and from Homer, AK (via Anchorage), the cost of your room at Land’s End Resort, all personal items, all meals and beverages, and tips for the boat captain and/or the first mate.

Please Note

On great days, the group may wish to photograph for more than four hours. If the total time on the boat exceeds 20 hours for the five-day trips the group will share the additional expense at a rate of $225/hour. The leader will pay for the bait.

Some folks may wish to rent their own vehicle to take advantage of local photographic opportunities around Homer. In 2023 those included Moose, Great Grey, and Short-eared Owls.

Deposit Information

A $3000 non-refundable deposit/trip is required. You may pay your deposit with credit card or by personal check (the latter made out to BIRDS AS ART) and sent via US mail only to Arthur Morris. PO Box 7245. Indian Lake Estates, FL 33855. Your balance, due 90 days before the date of departure, is payable only by check (as above).

In Closing

I have been going to Homer off and on for close to two decades. Every trip has been nothing short of fantastic. Many folks go in mid-March. The earlier you go, the better the chances for snow. The only way to assure that you are on the best of these two trips is to sign up for all of them. Can you keep up with me? If you have any questions, or are good to go for one, or two of these great trips, please let me know via e-mail or give me a call on my cell phone at 863-221-2372.

Typos

With all blog posts, feel free to e-mail or to leave a comment regarding any typos or errors.

Egg and Daughter Nite

Official Video for John Prine’s “Egg & Daughter Nite, Lincoln, Nebraska, 1967 (Crazy Bone) from his last album, ‘The Tree of Forgiveness.

If you’d like to put a smile on your face, click on the red Play Arrow above. The sound is sublime, the words are clever and funny and quirky, and the cartoon is hilarious.

As noted on the blog a while back (type John Prine into the little whites each box on the upper right of each page), it is hard to believe that I existed on this planet for more than 75 years without having ever heard of John Prine.

Note: Prine’s voice became raspy late in life after two throat cancer surgeries.

Ryan Hamilton of Ryan Hamilton & The Harlequin Ghosts

John Prine was already a genius songwriter. But as he got older and his voice aged along with him, he just kept getting better. The older, more gravelly version of his voice just gave his songs even more of a timeless, story vibe. It also made his voice sound more like home. I will forever be sad that I never got to meet him, but all songwriters should be thankful we have John Prine to look to for an endless well of inspiration.

“Egg & Daughter Nite” – The story behind why this song was written (which he told often) is entertaining enough! Put that aside, and the fact that the man can even write a beautiful song with the lyrics, “Egg & Daughter Nite”, is yet another feather in John Prine’s cap of songwriting genius.

From a Jon Prine interview by Jon Bernstein here on The Guardian website.

John Prine was sitting in a boat in the middle of a river when he realized he had an idea for a song.

The idea came the way ideas usually come for Prine: by listening. This time, he was listening to his fishing buddy, John Earl, a former guitar tech for the Everly Brothers, tell him a story about growing up in Norfolk, Nebraska, in the 40s and 50s.

“He told me that on Thursday nights, him and his buddies used to go to the roller rink and the egg farmers would come in from the country and they’d drop their daughters off, go sell their eggs, and then these big city guys would make time with the farmer’s daughters,” says Prine, 71. The weekly event, Prine says, was formerly known as Egg and Daughter Night: “I just thought the title of it was so good.”

Prine is laughing now, still amazed and amused by this curious slice of Americana, the very sort of oddball premise he’s used to stage the heart-wrenching, thigh-slapping quirky folk dramas he’s been writing for the past 50 years.

“It’s a very American story,” he says, as if to explain why he was so drawn to the anecdote in the first place.

The resulting song, Egg & Daughter Nite, Lincoln Nebraska, 1967 (Crazy Bone) serves as one of the centerpieces to The Tree of Forgiveness, Prine’s first record of original material since 2005.

Across the LP, Prine blends goofball wit and aw-shucks surrealism to conjure the ordinary and the profound, absurdist whimsy and existential despair, laughter and tears. These juxtapositions have long been the songwriter’s trademark, and on his latest, he places references to Easter eggs and a “funky sushi bar” among lyrics about despondency and disaster.

“Midwestern mind-trips to the nth degree,” is how Bob Dylan once explained Prine’s music. Prine himself began earning Dylan comparisons when he released his 1971 self-titled debut album, which included folk classics like Sam Stone and Angel From Montgomery, but the Chicago singer-songwriter quickly forged his own path.

Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS II USM Lens

BAA Record-low Price!

Tom Torget is offering a Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS II USM lens in near mint condition for a very low $1,099.00. The sale includes the front and rear lens caps, the lens hood, a Wimberley lens plate, the carrying case, the original product box, and insured ground shipping via major courier to lower-48 addresses only.

Please contact Tom via e-mail or by phone at 1-830-377-5483 (Central time).

This incredibly versatile zoom lens — with its amazing .98-meter close focus — was my favorite Canon telephoto zoom lens ever. By far. It is easy to hand hold, great for tight portraits, for birds in flight, for quasi-macro stuff, and lots more. For flight, it is deadly with an EOS R, R3, R5, R6, or R7! This lens sells new for $2399.00 so you can save a handsome $1300.00 by grabbing Tom’s lens right now. artie

My Call

In the previous blog post, all three soft-light Snowy Egret images garnered at least one vote. Though I liked all three of them, I was not entirely happy with the relatively inconsistent image optimizations.

Your Call

Be sure to let us know which version (if any), of today’s featured image you like best, and why you made your choice.

What’s Up?

I am headed up to Long Island within the week (not sure when or how) to have my trigger finger (right index finger) surgically repaired by Dr. Stephen Populo. Dr. “Pop” bailed me out a dozen years ago with debridement surgery to clear up an infection that resulted from a previous trigger surgery (left middle finger) done by a guy in Orlando. My pre-op visit is on 23 May, the surgery two days later. Good luck to me.

Today is Monday 15 May 2023. I have quite a few loose ends to tie up before I head north. Wherever you are and whatever you are doing, I hope that you too have a great day.

Please remember to use the B&H and Amazon links that are found on most blog pages and to use the BIRDSASART discount code at checkout when purchasing your new gear from Bedfords to get 3% back on your credit card and enjoy free second-day air FedEx. Please, also, consider joining a BAA IPT. You will be amazed at how much you will learn!

You can find some great photo accessories (and necessities, like surf booties!) on Amazon by clicking on the Stuff tab on the orange/yellow menu bar above. On a related note, it would be extremely helpful if blog-folks who, like me, spend too much money on Amazon, would get in the habit of clicking on the Amazon logo link on the right side of each blog post when they shop online. As you might expect, doing so will not cost you a single penny, but would be appreciated tremendously by yours truly. And doing so, works seamlessly with your Amazon Prime account.

Please remember that if an item — a Delkin flash card, or a tripod head — for example, that is available from B&H and/or Bedfords, is also available in the BAA Online Store, it would be great, and greatly appreciated, if you would opt to purchase from us. We will match any price. Please remember also to use my B&H affiliate links or to earn 3% cash back at Bedfords by using the BIRDSASART discount code at checkout for your major gear purchases. Doing either often earns you free guides and/or discounts. And always earns my great appreciation.

The Fact$ of Life

Right now, the market for editorial sales of natural history images has virtually disappeared. The incomes of the world’s top stock photographers are down by at least 90%. Like me, most depend on income from photo trips, the sale of educational materials, and income from this or that affiliate program.

In 2001, BAA sold the publication rights to images for nearly one-quarter million US dollars. That amount dropped to about $20,000 by 2011, and in 2017, to slightly more than $2,000.00. We’ve stopped counting. IPTs used to fill within days. Now I am happy to go with one or two folks, but I’d much rather have you along. And so it goes. In 2009, I turned to creating educational blog posts, now to the tune of 4009. Yes, 4009 educational blog posts. So, please remember to use either my B&H or Bedfords affiliate links for your major purposes. It does not cost you one cent to do either.

This image was created on 24 December 2022 at La Jolla, CA. Standing at full height, I used the Robus RC-5558-3 Vantage Series 3 Carbon Fiber Tripod/Levered-Clamp FlexShooter Pro-mounted Sony FE 600mm f/4 GM OSS lens with the Sony FE 1.4x Teleconverter, and The One, the Sony Alpha 1 Mirrorless Digital Camera.. ISO 2500. The exposure was determined by Zebras with ISO on the rear wheel: 1/125 second at f/5.6 (wide open) in Manual mode. RawDigger showed that the raw file brightness was about 1/3-stop too dark. AWB at 6:45:48am two minutes before the time of sunrise on a cloudy morning. Tracking: Zone//AF-C with Bird-Eye/Face Detection performed perfectly. Click on the image to enjoy the high-res version. Image #1: Ring-necked Duck drake swimming in swirly, pre-dawn water

The Color Version

On all IPTs, I get the group out early to seek unique opportunities. We were in position to take advantage of “fire-in-the-mist” conditions at Santee Lakes. but before the sun crested the distant hills to the east, I noted a handsome drake ring-necked swimming through dark swirly water. Realizing that patterns on the water surface are better shown by standing, I fired off a few slow shutter speed frames in hopes of making one or two sharp ones.

Though Image #1 could not be described as having vibrant colors, it is indeed the color version. You can see a bit of purple on the duck’s head and a bit of green in the water.

Image #2: This is a Black and White version of Image #1: Ring-necked Duck drake swimming in swirly, pre-dawn water

The Black and White Version

As Image #1 was dark and relatively achromatic, I decided to create a black and white version and see how it looked. Working on a layer, I went Filter > NIK Collection > Silver Efex Pro 3. After trying many different pre-sets, I opted for 015, Full Dynamic (harsh), and pulled back the Dynamic Brightness slider to make the dark tones darker.

Image #3: This is a version of Image #2 with the orange eye painted back in: B&W Ring-necked Duck drake swimming in swirly, pre-dawn water

Bringing Back the Duck’s Orange Eye

Having applied the B&W filter on a layer, I simply added a Regular Layer Mask and painted in the duck’s orange eye. Then, using Tim Grey Dodge and Burn, I darkened the lower half of the pupil. All of the above (and tons more) as detailed in Digital Basics II.

San Diego offers a wealth of very attractive natural history subjects, including and especially the Pacific race of California Brown Pelican. With annual visits spanning more than four decades, I have lots of photographic experience there … Click on the composite to enjoy a larger version.

The 2023/2024 San Diego Brown Pelicans (and more!) IPTs

San Diego IPT #1. 3 1/2 DAYS: WED 27 DEC thru the morning session on Saturday 30 DEC 2023. $2099.00. Deposit: $699.00. Limit: 6 photographers.

San Diego IPT #2. 4 1/2 DAYS: TUES 9 JAN thru the morning session on SAT 13 JAN 2024: $2699.00. Deposit: $699.00. Limit: 6 photographers.

San Diego IPT #3: 4 1/2 DAYS: TEUS 23 JAN thru the morning session on SAT 27 JAN 2024: $2699.00. Deposit: $699.00. Limit: 6 photographers.

Please e-mail for information on personalized pre- and post-IPT morning sessions.

Join me in San Diego to photograph the spectacular breeding plumage Brown Pelicans with their fire-engine red and olive green bill pouches; Brandt’s (nesting) and Double-crested Cormorants; breeding plumage Wood and Ring-necked Ducks; other duck species possible including Lesser Scaup, Redhead, Northern Shoveler and Surf Scoter; a variety of gulls including Western, California, and the gorgeous Heermann’s, all in full breeding plumage; shorebirds including Marbled Godwit, Willet, Sanderling and Black-bellied Plover; many others are possible including Least, Western, and Spotted Sandpiper, Whimbrel, Black and Ruddy Turnstone, Semipalmated Plover, and Surfbird; Harbor Seals and California Sea Lions (both depending on the current regulations and restrictions). And as you can see by studying the IPT cards, there are some nice bird-scape and landscape opportunities as well. Not to mention a ton of excellent flight photography opportunities and instruction.

I discovered some really neat spots on my 2022/23 visit. As a result, the first and second IPTs may include an afternoon or two of landscape photography.

Please note: where permitted and on occasion, ducks and gulls may be attracted (or re-located) with offerings of grains or healthy bread.

Learning Exposure, and learning to work in Manual Exposure Mode, Whether You Like It Or Not

Whether you like it or not, we will be beating the subject of exposure like a dead horse. In every new situation, you will hear my thoughts on exposure along with my thoughts on both Nikon and Canon histograms and SONY Zebras. Whether you like it or not, you will learn to work in manual mode so that you can get the right exposure every time (as long as a bird gives you ten seconds with the light constant). Or two seconds with SONY zebras … And you will learn what to do when the light is changing constantly. What you learn about exposure will be one of the great takeaways on every IPT.

Though the pelicans will be the stars of the show on this IPT, there will be many other handsome and captivating subjects in wonderful settings. Click on the composite to enjoy a larger version.

It Ain’t Just Pelicans

With gorgeous subjects just sitting there waiting to have their pictures taken, photographing the pelicans on the cliffs is about as easy as nature photography gets. With the winds from the east almost every morning, there is usually some excellent flight photography, at times with 70-200mm lenses! And the pelicans are almost always doing something interesting: preening, scratching, bill pouch cleaning, or squabbling. And then there are those crazy head throws that are thought to be a form of intra-flock communication. You will be guided as to how to make the best of those opportunities. Depending on the weather, the local conditions, and the tides, there are a variety of other fabulous photo chances available in and around San Diego. Each IPT will include one or two duck sessions.

Did I mention that there are lots of great birds and natural history subjects in San Diego in winter? Click on the composite to enjoy a larger version.

The San Diego Details

These IPTs will include four or five 3-hour morning photo sessions, three or four 1 1/2-hour afternoon photo sessions, and three or four working brunches that will include image review and Photoshop sessions. On rare cloudy days, we may — at the leader’s discretion, stay out in the morning for a long session and skip that afternoon shoot. To ensure early starts, breakfasts will be your responsibility. And so that we can get some sleep, dinners will be on your own as well. In the extremely unlikely event that Goldfish Point is closed due to local ordinance (or whimsy) — that has never happened in the past fifty years, I will of course do my very best to maximize our photographic opportunities.

San Diego offers a wealth of very attractive natural history subjects, including and especially the Pacific race of California Brown Pelican. With annual visits spanning more than four decades, I have lots of photographic experience there … Click on the composite to enjoy a larger version.

Deposit Info

A $699 deposit is required to hold your slot for one of the 2023/2024 San Diego IPTs. You can send a check (made out to “BIRDS AS ART”) to us here: BIRDS AS ART, PO Box 7245, Indian Lake Estates, FL, 33855, or call Jim or Jennifer at the office with a credit card at 863-692-0906. Your balance, payable only by check, is due three months before the trip.

Variety is surely the spice of life in San Diego. Click on the composite to enjoy a larger version.

Getting Up Early and Staying Out Late

On all BIRDS AS ART IPTS, including and especially the San Diego IPT, we get into the field early to take advantage of unique and often spectacular lighting conditions and we stay out late to maximize the chances of killer light and glorious sunset silhouette situations. We often arrive at the cliffs a full hour before anyone else shows up to check out the landscape and seascape opportunities.

Typos

With all blog posts, feel free to e-mail or to leave a comment regarding any typos or errors.